Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1.The process of meaning relation is also called     .(　　　)

A．extension                B．degradation             C．specialization           D．elevation

2.Idioms in the coursebook are used in a      . (　　　)

A．broad sense             B．narrow sense           C．figurative sense              D．special sense

3.The relationship between the linguistic sign and a referent is       . (　　　)

A．conventional                                               B．non-conventional

C．concrete                                                    D．specific

4.The way to define an antonym is based on       . (　　　)

A．contradiction                                              B．contrariness

C．oppositeness                                              D．relativeness

5.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by     .(　　　)

A．Roget’s Thesaurus                                      B．Concise Oxford Dictionary

C．New Webster’s Dictionary                           D．Co-build Dictionary

6.Context       meaning.（　　　）

A．explains                 B．interprets                C．defines                   D．all the above

7.Though still at work today ,        can hardly compare with what it was in the past. （　　　）

A．word-formation       B．borrowing              C．derivation                D．conversion

8.Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally        . （　　　）

A．movable                                                     B．unstable

C．unchangeable                                             D．ununderstandable

9.Sentence idioms can be divided into        . （　　　）

A．declarative and imperative                            B．interrogative and exclamative

C．verbal and adverbial                                    D．both A and B

10.       is considered to be a highly-inflected language. （　　　）

A．Old English                                               B．Middle English

C．Early Modern English                                 D．Late Modern English

11.A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be        . （　　　）

A．affixational             B．derivational             C．free                       D．bound

12.The introduction of        at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary. （　　　）

A．printing                  B．Christianity              C．French words        D．all the above

13.Which of the following statements is true? （　　　）

A． Every word has reference.

B． Every word has sense.

C． Every word is semantically motivated.

D．Every word is conceptually motivated.

14.Which of the following statements is CORRECT? （　　　）

A． The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.

B． Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.

C． Loan words are all unrecognisable as being foreign in origin.

D．Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.

15.The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of     . （　　　）

A．reference                      B．sense                      C．concept                 D．meaning

第二部分　非选择题（共70分）

Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)

16.The degraded meaning “sexual desire ”of the word “lust ”comes from its old meaning “                 ”.

17.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and                 .

18.The headword or entries are defined in the same language in a                  dictionary.

19.The basic word stock forms the common              of the language.

20 Conceptual meaning is also known as                  meaning.

Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) sense relations , 2) types of context , and 3) modes of word-meaning changes.(10%)

                     A                                                      B

(　　)21.difference in connotation              A. fond (from “foolish” to “affectionate”)

(　　)22.perfect homonym                 B. homely /domestic

(　　)23.degradation                         C. date ;date

(　　)24.transfer                               D. diseasing (from “discomfort ”to “illness”)

(　　)25.elevation                              E. fabulous (from “resembling a fable ”to “incredible”)

(　　)26.narrowing                            F. journal (from “daily paper” to “periodical” )

(　　)27.extension                             G. silly (from “happy” to “foolish”)

(　　)28.generalization                      H. pitiful (from “full of pity” to “deserving pity”)

(　　)29.grammatical context             I. It was a nice ball.

(　　)30.lexical context                      J. Visiting aunts can be boring.

Ⅳ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of word formation , 2) types of affixes, 3) types of dictionaries, and 4) the type of idiom. (10%)

31.LDCE                                                                       (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

32.deadline                                                                    (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

33.-ize,-en,-ate                                                              (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

34.an affix that indicates grammatical relationships            (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

35.VOA                                                                         (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

36.The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology                (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

37.CED                                                                         (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

38.telephone → phone                                                  (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

39.fly in the ointment                                                      (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

40.hostess                                                                     (　　　　　　　　　　　　　　)

Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)

41.a variation of an idiom

42.morphs

43.synonym

44.jargon

45.semantic motivation

Ⅵ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)

46.What is the role of context?

47.Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?

48.What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain with two examples.

Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)

49.Read the extract, pick out the idioms and explain their meanings. Then rewrite the extract in standard non-figurative language.

  Sam is getting on ,too .His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy.

50.Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of subordinates and superordinates.

a. The girl got a book in the university.

b. The girl borrowed a dictionary from the department.